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Lifes a Game
The Rules and their relation to visual arts - Part 1
The rules and their relation to visual arts - Part 2
Deadwood in the Landscape
Design and Aesthetics
Bonsai: Living Sculpture, Not Living Painting
Avant-garde Bonsai
BONSAI
DEADWOOD & CARVING

 
BONSAI
by Kurita Isami

The above title introduced an article which appeared in the Japanese publication THE SUN 1993 NO. 386, August. The publication has 100 key words such as sakura (cherry blossoms), jishin (earthquakes), niwa (gardens), bonsai, and the like. Under each key word was an essay by a native Japanese describing how she or he looked at the key-word in the Japanese culture. The following article by Kurita Isami (writer, critic) expresses his thoughts on bonsai.

Bonsai is considered, even in Japan, as a pastime for the elderly. At times it is criticized by foreigners as an unnatural, artificial, and distasteful hobby involving the distortion of the natural shape of trees. In fact, even as a young boy, I too, avoided it as a Japanese taste for old-fashioned things and the worst example of depauperation and artificiality. However, after a certain period, I realized I was wrong and my appreciation changed entirely. Nowadays, although I cannot collect bonsai due to the difficulty in growing them, whenever I see one, I stop to enjoy it and meditate for a while.

What was the key to the complete turnabout and my sudden appreciation and sympathy for bonsai?

Everything said or written about bonsai so far has a common fault. It has only been discussed from the point of view of an onlooker who has not dabbled with bonsai himself. The same applies to the performing arts and fine art in Japan, too. They are very different from European culture in that there is no clear distinction between the creator and the viewer. Be it renga, haiku, yokyoku, tea ceremony, or ikebana, the audience also takes part in the creation. Even in kabuki, the hanamichi (flower way) and the sense of solidarity with the audience invites them to join in the action. In village plays and festive kagara, too, the villagers may be amateurs, but they can also perform.

My participation in bonsai was in the form of pruning. Every spring, at my country house at the foot of Mt. Fuji, an unusual  type of cherry shrub called fuji-zakura or kogome-zakura would come into bloom in vast numbers. I would get lost in creating a magnificent view by sorting out the surrounding plants and cutting some branches. Through that work I learnt a lot about nature.

First of all, you cannot start pruning garden plants without using your own figurative image or an unconsciously formed prototype as to what the a natural landscape should look like. That is to say, pruning is the modeling of the cultural tradition, personal experiences and knowledge that you have experienced so far. You are confronted with the great decision as to whether or not to cut a certain branch.

Local garden plants, not to mention my garden in the country, change their shapes rapidly over the year. The growth of the plants and the seasonal laws of nature prevail subtly, yet strictly. It does not require a year. In spring, day by day, the trees and plants undergo remarkable changes. If the transformation is contrary to your mental image, you realize the dominance of the laws of nature. This is because you have not taken seasonal changes into consideration quite apart from the manipulation of space. The time axis covers not only the four seasons but time-space ranging from a year, a few years, to several decades. These must also be taken into account when forecasting the harmony between nature and plants. Moreover, a single tree has to harmonize with the natural environment surrounding it.

Consequently, pruning may appear to impose man’s own ideas, but in reality, it is a continuous forecast and expectation of natural laws, and an endless process of approaching and adjustment towards true creation.

In approaching any Japanese garden, the pruning with participation from the creator’s side is actually a very significant item.

Let us extend this theory to bonsai. Needless to say, the scale of bonsai is much smaller than actual nature. However, the time required to grow them can be several decades or even a century or two.

Miniaturization is not the purpose of bonsai. On the contrary, the purpose is the expression of a total aesthetic harmony between natural and artificial laws. Beyond the form of the bonsai presented in front of our eyes, lies the idea of figuration formed over the years through pruning by human hands. Particularly in ancient bonsai, there is more than the knowledge of an individual person reflected in it. The true and total form of creation which lies in the Japanese soul lives on in bonsai. It can be regarded as a monument of our confessions of faith in God the Creator.

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